Contribution | Laureates | Category | Year | Patents |
Blue light-emitting diode | Isamu Akasaki Hiroshi Amano Shuji Nakamura | Physics | 2014 | US5,578,839 (1996)
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CCD sensor | Willard S. Boyle George E. Smith | Physics | 2009 |   |
Transmission of light in fibers for optical communication | Charles Kuen Kao | Physics | 2009 | US3,549,233 (1970) US4,047,796 (1977) US4,077,701(1978) |
Giant Magnetoresistance | Albert Fert Peter Grünberg | Physics | 2007 |   |
Laser-based precision spectroscopy and the optical frequency comb technique | John L. Hall Theodor W. Hänsch | Physics | 2005 |   |
Superconductors and superfluids theory | Alexei A. Abrikosov Vitaly L. Ginzburg Anthony J. Leggett | Physics | 2003 |   |
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) discoveries | Paul C. Lauterbur Sir Peter Mansfield | Medicine | 2003 | US5,990,680 (1997) US6,088,611 (1995) US5,708,359 (1995) US5,532,006 (1993) US5,081,992 (1990) |
Semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and opto-electronics | Zhores I. Alferov Herbert Kroemer | Physics | 2000 | US4,001,055 (1975) US3,958,265 (1974) |
Conductive polymers discovery and development | Alan J. Heeger Alan G. MacDiarmid Hideki Shirakawa | Chemistry | 2000 | US4,204,216 (1978) US4,806,271 (1987) US4,594,180 (1984) |
Signal transduction in the nervous system | Arvid Carlsson Paul Greengard Eric R. Kandel | Medicine | 2000 |   |
Integrated circuit invention | Jack S. Kilby | Physics | 2000 | US3,138,743 (1959) |
High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy development | Richard R. Ernst | Chemistry | 1991 | US3,968,424 (1974) US4,513,247 (1982) |
Invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks | Norman F. Ramsey Hans G. Dehmelt Wolfgang Paul | Physics | 1989 |   |
Superconductivity in ceramic materials discovery | J. Georg Bednorz K. Alexander Müller | Physics | 1987 |   |
Electron optics; the design of the first electron microscope | Ernst Ruska | Physics | 1986 |   |
Scanning tunneling microscope | Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer | Physics | 1986 | US4,343,993 (1980) |
Quantized Hall effect discovery | Klaus von Klitzing | Physics | 1985 | US5,646,527 (1995) |
Development of laser spectroscopy and high-resolution electron spectroscopy | Nicolaas Bloembergen Arthur Leonard Schawlow Kai M. Siegbahn | Physics | 1981 |   |
Electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems theory | Philip Warren Anderson Sir Nevill Francis Mott John Hasbrouck van Vleck | Physics | 1977 |   |
Tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors discoveries | Leo Esaki Ivar Giaever | Physics | 1973 | US3,209,215 (1962) US4,173,763 (1977) |
Josephson effects: theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier | Brian David Josephson | Physics | 1973 |   |
Superconductivity: BCS-theory | John Bardeen Leon Neil Cooper John Robert Schrieffer | Physics | 1972 |   |
Invention of the holographic method | Dennis Gabor | Physics | 1971 | GB685,286 |
Magneto-hydrodynamics discoveries | Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén | Physics | 1970 |   |
Antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism discoveries | Louis Eugčne Félix Néel | Physics | 1970 |   |
Quantum electronics: construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle | Charles Hard Townes Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov | Physics | 1964 | US2,879,439 (1958) US2,929,922 (1958) |
Transistor invention | William Bradford Shockley John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain | Physics | 1956 | US2,524,035 (1948) US2,569,347 (1948) |
Nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries (NMR) | Felix Bloch Edward Mills Purcell | Physics | 1952 | US2,561,489 (1946) |
Resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei | Isidor Isaac Rabi | Physics | 1944 |   |
Thermionic Phenomenon (Richardson's Law) | Owen Willans Richardson | Physics | 1928 |   |
Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) mechanism discovery | Willem Einthoven | Medicine | 1924 |   |
Elementary charge of electricity discovery; the photoelectric effect | Robert Andrews Millikan | Physics | 1923 |   |
Wireless telegraphy development | Guglielmo Marconi Karl Ferdinand Braun | Physics | 1909 | GB12039 (1896) GB7777 (1899) US763,772 (1900) |
Conduction of electricity by gases | Joseph John Thomson | Physics | 1906 |   |
Adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace | Henri Moissan | Chemistry | 1906 |   |
Cathode rays investigation | Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard | Physics | 1905 |   |
Electrolytic theory of dissociation | Svante August Arrhenius | Chemistry | 1903 |   |
Magnetism influence upon radiation phenomena | Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman | Physics | 1902 |   |